The Constitution of India (IAST: Recruitment Constitution) is the supreme law of India. This document sets out the basic political code, structure, procedures, powers and duties of governmental bodies and sets out the fundamental rights, guiding principles and duties of citizens. [Country] Chairman of the Drafting Committee B. R. Ambedkar is considered to be its chief architect.
It provides constitutional supremacy (not parliamentary supremacy, was created by an assembly rather than parliament) and was adopted by its people with a proclamation in its preamble. [10] Parliament cannot override the Constitution.
B. R. Ambedkar and the Constitution of India, on India's 2015 postage stamp
It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950. [11] The Constitution replaced the Government of India Act 1935 as the original governing document of the country, and India became a sovereign republic of India. To ensure constitutional automation, its framers repealed previous acts of the British Parliament in Article 5 5. [16] India celebrates its constitution on January 26 as Republic Day. [1]
The Constitution declares India a sovereign, socialist, non-sectarian, [1] democratic republic, guarantees justice, equality, and liberty to its citizens, and seeks to promote brotherhood. [1] The original 1950 constitution has been preserved in a case filled with helium in the Parliament House, New Delhi. The words "secular" and "socialist" were added to the preamble in 1976 during the crisis. [16]
Background
Babasaheb Ambedkar and Rajendra Prasad smiling
Babasaheb Ambedkar, Chairman of the Drafting Committee, presenting the final draft of the Indian Constitution to Rajendra Prasad, President of the Constituent Assembly, on 25 November 1949.
In 1928, the All Parties Conference convened a committee in Lucknow to draft the Constitution of India, known as the Nehru Report. [1 17]
Most of colonial India was under British rule from 1857 to 1947. From 1947 to 1950, this same law was enacted, as India was under British rule for these three years, as each princely state was guaranteed by Sardar Patel and VP Menon. To sign articles of unification with India, and the British government was responsible for the country's external security. [1] Thus, the Constitution of India repealed the Indian Independence Act 1947 and the Government of India Act 1935 when it came into force on 26 January 1950. India ceased to be dominated by the British Crown and became a sovereign democratic republic with a constitution. ,, 4,6 366, 7 367, 9, 9, 268080, 888, 1 1, 2 2, 3 33, and 444 of the Constitution of 26 November 1949 Came into force on, and the rest of the articles became effective on 26 January 1950. [19]
The previous law
The constitution was drawn from many sources. Keeping in view the needs and conditions of India, its framers borrowed the features of previous laws like Government of India Act 1888, Council of India Act 161611, 1898 and 1909, Government of India Act 1919 19 and 193535 and Indian Independence Act 1947 1947 as. The latter, which created India and Pakistan, split the former Constituent Assembly in two. Each new legislature had the sovereign power to draft and implement a new constitution for different states. [30]
GET 2000 QUESTIONS FILE THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
Constitutional Assembly
Many men in one room
Meeting of the 1950 Constituent Assembly
Main article: Constitutional Assembly of India
The constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, which was elected by the elected members of the provincial legislatures. [21] The 389-member legislature (reduced to 299 after the partition of India) took eleven sessions over a period of 165 days to draft the constitution, which took almost three years. []] [20]
B. R. Ambedkar was a wise constitutional expert, he studied the constitutions of about 20 countries. Ambedkar is recognized as the "Father of the Constitution of India". [22] [3] In the Constituent Assembly, a member of the Drafting Committee, T. T. Krishnamachari said:
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